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Carbohydrates are everywhere, in addition to being part of the glycan structure of glycoproteins and glycolipids, carbohydrates also exist in the form of monosaccharides and polysaccharides. More and more evidences show that the interaction between carbohydrates and specific proteins is the core of many important biological processes, including signal transduction, recognition and catalysis, etc. It also plays a major role in development, immunity, infection and cancer. Therefore, these interactions can be used as the target of treatment methods for some diseases, and they also show great potential in the field of food production and processing. Learn more: protein-carbohydrate interactions binding
As a direct product of DNA, RNA is another executor of life activities: involved in protein synthesis, post-transcriptional modification, DNA repair, and gene expression regulation. Non-coding RNA, including long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and untranslated mRNA regions, all achieve different functions through direct interaction with RNA binding protein (RBP), such as exons splicing, mRNA export, etc. RNA-protein interaction is the key to cell homeostasis, and interference with this process can lead to many major diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. It is speculated that there are about 1,500 proteins in human cells that can bind to RNA to exert its regulatory mechanism. Therefore, systematic research on RNA-protein interactions is essential to elucidate the physiological functions and pathogenic mechanisms of RNA and proteins.Learn more: protein rna interactions assays
DNA pull down-MS is a powerful tool to study DNA-protein interactions in vitro. Biotin-labeled DNA fragments are bound to streptavidin magnetic beads and then incubated with cellular nuclear proteins. The protein product is then purified and eluted to detect whether the specific protein binds to the target DNA fragment by western-blot; mass spectrometry is used to identify the proteins that may interact with the DNA fragment learn more: dna-protein pull down